1、 He was a very cute boy but now he seems to have no interest in anything.
参考答案： B
答案解析： mystery
2、 Data from Voyager II have presented astronomers with a puzzle about why our outermost planet exists.
参考答案： B
答案解析： derived
3、 The film originated from a short story.
参考答案： A
答案解析： walk
4、 After supper we usually take a stroll around the park for about an hour.
参考答案： C
答案解析： area
5、 This is a subject that has now moved into the political domain.
参考答案： C
答案解析： famous
6、 She is noted for her generous contribution for the relief of the poor.
参考答案： B
答案解析： explored
7、 She tried to probe my mind and discover what I was thinking.
参考答案： C
答案解析： prevent
8、 The parents have to restrain their daughter from running out into the street.
参考答案： D
答案解析： danger
9、 He expressed concern that the ship might be in distress.
参考答案： C
答案解析： damaged
10、 Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake.
参考答案： D
答案解析： prevent
11、 Thick clouds obscured the stars from view.
参考答案： B
答案解析： polluted
12、 The river was contaminated with waste.
参考答案： 标准答案：A,D,B,F,E
答案解析： 标准答案：A,D,B,F,E
13、The value of motherhood In shopping malls, the assistants try to push you into buying “ a gift to thank her for her unselfish love”. When you log onto1 a website, a small popo-up2 invites you to book a bouquet for her. Commercial warmth and gratitude are the atmosphere being spread around for this special Sunday in May. _____(1)_____. The popularity of Mother’s Day around the world suggests that Jarvis got all she wanted. In fact, she got more-enough to make her horrified. _____(2)_____. They buy, among other things, 132 million cards. Mother’s Day is the No 1 holiday for flower purchases. Then there are the various commodities, ranging from jewelry and clothes to cosmetics and washing powder, that take advantage of the promotion opportunities, Because of this, Jarvis spent the last 40 years of her life trying to stop Mother’s Day. One protest against the commercialization of Mother’s Day even got her arrested-for disturbing the peace, interestingly. _____(3)_____. As Ralph Fevre, a reporter at the UK newspaper The Guardian, observe, traditionally “motherhood is something that we do because we think it’s right.” But in the logic of commercialism, people need something in exchange for their time and energy. A career serves this purpose better. _____(4)_____. So they work hard and play hard. Becoming a mother, however, inevitably handicaps career anticipation. _____(5)_____. According to The Guardian, there are twice as many child-free young women as there were a generation ago. Or, they put off the responsibility of parenting until later in their lives. So, Fevre writes that the meaning of celebrating Mother’s Day needs to be updated: “It is to persuade people that parenting is a good idea and to honor people for their attempt to be good people.”A The American version of Mother’s Day was thought up as early as 1905, by Anna Jarvis, as a way of recognizing the real value of motherhood.B But what’s more, commercialism changes young people’s attitude towards motherhood.C Obviously, the best gift will be a phone call or a visit.D According to a research by the US card company Hallmark, 96 percent of American consumers celebrate the holiday.E As a result, motherhood has suffered a huge drop in status since the 1950s.F In addition, women are being encouraged to pursue any career they desire.
14、 Spare a Kidney? It is no longer unusual for a spouse or relative to donate a kidney to a loved one, but the number of Americans who have given a kidney to a friend, a co-worker or even a complete stranger has risen sharply from 68 in 1994 to 176 in 1998. There are many reasons. First, it''s possible to live a normal life with only one kidney. (The remaining kidney enlarges to make up most of the difference.) In addition a kidney from a live donor lasts longer than a kidney taken from someone who has died suddenly. But the biggest change in the past few years is that transplant surgeons have started using laparoscopic techniques to remove the donor kidney through a much smaller incision, and this can cut recovery time for the donor from six weeks to four weeks. Just because you do something, however, it doesn''t mean you should. Donating a kidney means undergoing an operation that carries some risk. You could argue that you may be helping to save a life, but you certainly can''t pretend that you''re better off with one kidney instead of two. So, what are the risks? "As with any major operation, there is a chance of dying, of reoperation due to bleeding, of infection, of vein clots in the legs or a hernia at the incision," says Dr. Arthur Matas, director of the renal-transplant program at the university of Minnesota Medical Center in Minneapolis. Even laparoscopy, a relatively new technique for kidney donation, is not risk-free. Doctors estimate that chances of dying from the procedure are about 3 in 10,000. There''s no money to be made; selling an organ is illegal. But the recipient''s insurance normally covers your operation and immediate aftercare. Your costs can include hotel bills, lost pay during recovery or possible future disability. Although transplant centers must eva luate any potential donor''s suitability, it never hurts to have an independent opinion. The most common contraindications are heart disease, diabetes and high blood pressure. Never let anyone, not even a close relative, pressure you into giving up an organ -- no matter if you''re healthy. "There''s often the feeling that you''re not a good friend, father, mother if you don''t do this," says Arthus Caplan, director of the University of Pennsylvania''s center for Bioethics. Some transplant centers will invent a "medical problem" on behalf of those who are reluctant to donate but feel they can''t say no.
参考答案： B
答案解析： Wrong
1 From 1994 to 1998 the number of Americans who had donated a kidney reached 244.
参考答案： B
答案解析： Wrong
2 One of the reasons why the number of kidney donors has risen is that one is better off with one kidney instead of two.
参考答案： A
答案解析： Right
3Yo don''t have to be dead to donate a kidney, but you had better know the risks before you give it up.
参考答案： C
答案解析： Not mentioned
4None of the Americans who donates a kidney during the period lasting from 1994 to 1998 died from the procedure.
参考答案： C
答案解析： Not mentioned
5 No one sells organs in the U.S. since it is illegal.
参考答案： A
答案解析： Right
6People with heart disease, diabetes and high pressure are not suitable for kidney donation.
15、 Face masks may not protect from super-flu If a super-flu strikes, face masks may not protect you. Whether widespread use of masks will help, or harm, during the next worldwide flu outbreak is a question that researchers are studying furiously. No results have come from their mask research yet. However, the government says people should consider wearing them in certain situations anyway, just in case. But it’s a question the public keeps asking while the government are making preparations for the next flu pandemic. So the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) came up with preliminary guidelines. “We don’t want people wearing them everywhere, ”said the CDC. “The overall recommendation really is to avoid exposure.” When that’s not possible, the guidelines say to consider wearing a simple surgical mask if you are in one of the three following situations. First, you’re healthy and can’t avoid going to a crowded place. Second, you’re sick and think you may have close contract with the healthy, such as a family member checking on you. Third, you live with someone who’s sick and thus might be in the early stages of infection, but still need to go out. Influenza pandemics can strike when the easy-to-mutate flu virus shifts to a strain that people never have experienced. Scientists cannot predict when the next pandemic will arrive, although concern is rising that the Asian bird flu might trigger one if it starts spreading easily from person to person. During the flu pandemic, you should protect yourself. Avoid crowds, and avoid close contract with the sick unless you must care for someone. Why can’t mask added to this self-protection list? Because they help trap virus-laden droplets flying through the air with a cough or sneeze. Simple surgical masks only filter the larger droplets. Besides, the CDC is afraid masks may create a false sense of security. Perhaps someone who should have stayed home would don an ill-fitting mask and hop on the subway instead. Nor does flu only spread through the air. Say someone covers a sneeze with his or her hand, then touches a doorknob or subway pole. If you touch that spot next and then put germy hands on your nose or mouth, you’ve been exposed. It’s harder to rub your nose while wearing a mask and so your face may get pretty sweaty under masks. You reach under to wipe that sweat, and may transfer germs caught on the outside of the mask straight to the nose. These are the problems face masks may create for their users. Whether people should or should not use face masks still remains a question. The general public has to wait patiently for the results of the mask research scientists are still doing.
参考答案： 标准答案：D,C,A,F
答案解析： 标准答案：D,C,A,F
11. Paragraph 2 ____. 2. Paragraph 3 ____. 3. Paragraph 5 ____. 4. Paragraph 6 ____. A. reasons for excluding masks from the self-protection list B. effort to stop flu spreading C. when to use face masks D. guidelines on mask use E. warnings from the CDC F. danger of infection through germy hands and masks
参考答案： 标准答案：E,A,F,B
答案解析： 标准答案：E,A,F,B
21. The scientists are trying to find out if masks may or may not ___. 2. The CDC is afraid that the public may ___. 3. The public will not know the answer about masks until scientists ___. 4. We can infer from the passage that the US authorities ___. A. overuse face masks B. deal with the mask problem seriously C. rub their faces and noses in the subway D. protest against the mask guidelines E. help protect people from being attacked by a flu F. announce the results of their mask research
16、 The best way to reduce your weight You hear this：“No Wonder you are fat．An you ever do is eat．”You feel sad：“I skip my breakfast and supper．I run every morning and evening．What else can I do?”Basically you can do nothing．Your genes，not your life habits，determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it． Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that，“80 percent of the Children of two obese parents become obese，as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight．” How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well，dieting can be effective．but the health costs are tremendous．Jules Hirsch，a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people．They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day1.After more than 10 weeks，the subjects lost 45kg on average．But after leaving the hospital，they all regained．The results were surprising：by metabolic measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving．They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet2.They were anxious and depressed；some were suicidal．They hid food in their rooms．Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn''t result in normal weight，but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people． Thin people，however, suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight．Ethan Sims，of the University of Vermont，got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight．In four to six months，they ate as much as they could．They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended，they were back to normal weight and stayed there. This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight．It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight． The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true-each person has a comfortable weight range3.The range might be as much as 9kg．Someone might weigh 60-69 kg without too much effort But going above of below the natural weight range is difficult． The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks．
参考答案： D
答案解析： Your genes．
1What determines your weight?
参考答案： D
答案解析： He gave the eight fat people a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day．
2What did Jules Hirsch do in his study?
参考答案： C
答案解析： They were back to normal weight．
3What happened to the eight fat people after they left the hospital?
参考答案： B
答案解析： Increase their weight．
4What did Ethan Sims make his subjects do?
参考答案： A
答案解析： Each person has a fixed weight range．
5 What did scientists think was true?
17、 Fruit and vegetables juices as beneficial to health as fruits and veggies1 A European study has revealed that 100 percent fruit and vegetable juices are as effective as their whole fruit/vegetable counterparts in reducing risk factors related to certain diseases. The conclusion is the result of the study designed to question traditional thinking that 100 percent juices play a less significant role in reducing risk for both cancer and cardiovascular disease than whole fruits and vegetables. Juices are comparable in their ability to reduce risk compared to2 their whole fruit/vegetable counterparts, according to several researchers in the United Kingdom who conducted the literature review. The researchers analyzed a variety of studies that looked at risk reduction attributed to3 the effects of both fiber and antioxidants. As a result, they determined that the positive impact fruits and vegetables offer come not from just the fiber but also from antioxidants which are present in both juice and the whole fruits and vegetables.4 “When considering cancer and coronary heart disease5 prevention, there is no evidence that pure fruit and vegetable juices are less beneficial than whole fruit and vegetables,” the researchers said. The researchers added that the positioning of juices as being nutritionally inferior to6 whole fruits and vegetables in relationship to chronic disease development is “unjustified” and that policies, which suggest otherwise about fruit and vegetable juices, should be re-examined. The researchers who authored the paper suggest that more studies in certain area are needed to bolster their findings. “Although this independent review of the literature is not designed to focus on any particular 100 percent juice, it does go a long way7 in demonstrating that fruit and vegetable juices do play an important role in reducing the risk of various diseases, especially cancer and cardiovascular disease,” said Sue Taylor. Her opinion is in agreement with8 the Juice Products Association,9 a non-profit organization not associated with this research. She added that appropriate amounts of juices should be included in the diet of both children and adults, following guidelines established by leading health authorities. Taylor also points to a large epidemiological study, published in the September 2006 issue of the Journal of Medicine, which found that consumption of a variety of 100 percent fruit and vegetable juices was associated with a reduced risk for Alzheimer’s disease.10 In fact, that study found that individuals who drank three or more servings of fruit and vegetable juices per week had a 76 percent lower risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease than those who drank juice less than once per week. The study was published in the International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition11 (2006).
参考答案： D
答案解析： Fiber and antioxidant.
1What on earth in both fruits and vegetables and their juices plays the most important role in reducing risk for diseases?
参考答案： C
答案解析： incorrect
2The judgment that fruit and vegetable juices are less beneficial to reducing chronic disease development is ________.
参考答案： B
答案解析： cancer and cardiovascular disease
3The review of the literature has documented the important role of fruit and vegetable juices in reducing the risk of various disease, ________ in particular.
参考答案： A
答案解析： Alzheimer’s disease
4 A large epidemiological study also found that using various 100% fruit and vegetable juices contributed to a reduced risk for ________.
参考答案： B
答案解析： have three quarters lower, than
5 People who drink 3-4 servings of fruit and vegetable juices weekly may ________ risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease ________ those who drink only once a week.
18、 Dangerous Sunshine to Children Two United Nations'' agencies warned on Tuesday that children are most at risk of developing skin cancers as a result of the long-term decline in the earth''s protective ozone layer. The agencies. the World Health Organization（WHO) and the UN Environmental Programme（UNEP），issued the warning as they launched a global programm aimed at altering schools to the dangers of exposure to the sun. "As ozone depletion becomes more marked, and as people around the world engage more in sun-seeking behavior, the risk of health complications from overexposure to ultra-violet radiation is becoming a substantial public health concern, ”said WHO Director-general'' Lee Jong-wook. By reducing the time children and adolescents are exposed to direct sunlight, he said “We can substantial]y reduce the risk of contracting skin cancers, cataracts and other conditions which might only appear much later in life.” In its 2002 World Health Report，the WHO said around the world an average of 66,000 people died every year from melanoma or other types of skin cancer. Independent scientific research shows that every year there are between two to three million new cases ''of non-malignant melanoma and around 130,000 malignant''- and normally fatal - new full-blown skin cancer cases. Although most known skin cancers seemed to occur in the industrialized world, WHO radiation and environmental health specialist Mike Repachoh told a news Conference，there were many cases believed to. be unreported in poorer countries. Although people with darkerskins were less susceptible to` akin cancers, they were just as likely to contract eye cataractsas fairer-skinned populations. and people living close to the equator were even more likely to develop them. As for the protection method, the WHO said that under the school plan, dubbed the Intersun Project, the two agencies will distribute packages showing teachers how to develop their own sun education programs, the WHO said. In a joint statement from the two agencies which also marked the International Day for the preservation of the Ozone Layer, UNEP Executive Director'' Klaus Toepfer said latest studies showed the protective shield was on the road to'' recovery. This was the result of international agreements over the decades to phase out use of various chemicals - like those used in some pesticides, refrigerators and aerosols. "But we must remain vigilant and more needs to be done before we can say the problem is solved for good"," said Toepfer. This included stopping illegal trade in chemicals and enforcing the agreements in developing countries. "Only then can we say the sky above our heads will be safe for our children and their children to come," the German environment minister said.
参考答案： C
答案解析： Because the earth’s protective ozone layer declines year after year
1Why does the risk of developing skin cancers in children become greater and greater?
参考答案： A
答案解析： an average of 66,000
2 How many people die from skin cancers including melanoma all over the world every year?
参考答案： C
答案解析： People living near the equator
3What people are more likely to develop eye cataracts?
参考答案： D
答案解析： medicines
4All of the following articles may use some chemicals unfavorable for the preservation of ozone layer except ____
参考答案： A
答案解析： permanently
5The phrase “for good” in the last paragraph can be best replaced by ___.
19、 Once-daily pill could simplify HIV treatment Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences have combined many H.I.V. drugs into a single pill Sometimes the best medicine is more than one kind of medicine. Malaria, tuberculosis and H.I.V./AIDS,2 for example, are all treated with ____1____ of drugs. But that can mean a lot of pills to take. It would be ____2____ if drug companies combined all the medicines into a single pill, taken just once a day. Now, two companies say they have done that for people just ____3____ treatment for H.I.V., the virus that causes AIDS. The companies are Bristol-Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences. They have ____4____ a single pill that combines three drugs currently on the market.3 Bristol-Myers Squibb sells one of them ____5____ the name of Sustiva.4 Gilead combined the ____6____, Emtriva and Viread, into a single pill in two thousand four. Combining drugs involves more than ____7____ issues. It also involves issues of competition ____8____ the drugs are made by different companies. The new once-daily pill is the result of ____9____ is described as the first joint venture agreement of its kind in the treatment of H.I.V. In January the New England Journal of Medicine5 published a study of the new pill. Researchers compared its ____10____ to6 that of the widely used combination of Sustiva and Combivir. Combivir ____11____ two drugs, AZT7 and 3TC.8 The researchers say that after one year of treatment, the new pill suppressed H.I.V. levels in more patients and with ____12____ side effects.9 Gilead paid for the study. Professor Joel Gallant at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland, led the research. He is a paid adviser to Gilead and Bristol-Meyers Squibb as well as the maker of Combivir, GlaxoSmithKline. Glaxo Smith Kline reacted ____13____ the findings by saying that a single study is of limited value. It says the effectiveness of Combivir has been shown in each of more than fifty studies. The price of the new once-daily pill has not been announced. But Gilead and Bristol-Myers Squibb say they will provide it at reduced cost to developing countries. They plan in the next few months to ask the United States Food and Drug Administration10 to ____14____ the new pill. There are limits to who could take it because of the different drugs it contains. For example, ____15____ women are told not to take Sustiva because of the risk of birth disorders.11 Experts say more than forty million people around the world are living with H.I.V.
