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时间:2015-02-25 17:25:04
代 词（一）
一、概述
代词是用来代替名词或名词短语的词。
代词的分类：
人称代词：表示“我”、“我们”、“你”“你们”、“他、她、它”、“他们”的词叫人称代词;
物主代词：表示所有关系的代词，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词;
反身代词：表示动作反射到执行者本身或用来加强语气的代词;
指示代词：表示能替代名词或替代形容词的词;
不定代词：表示不指明替代任何特定名词的代词。
疑问代词：表示替代人或物且含有疑问语气的代词。
二、人称代词
人称代词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语。
1、主格在句中作主语，宾格在句中作宾语。
She gave these books to you and me;
You must look after them;
2、当并列 代词作主语时，I 放在最后。顺序为你，他，我
You, he and I are going to spend the winter holidays in Beijing.
三、物主代词
物主代词包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种，有人称和数的变化形式。
形容词性物主代词只能作定语修饰名词，如：
my watch; your books ; their names;
名词性物主代词在句中可单独作用，可作主语、宾语和表语，后面不跟名词，英语中说：“我的一 位朋友”，要用“a friend of mine”。
有些结构中常用the 替代物主代词
He had a cold in the head.(the意思是his)
My mother took me by the arm. (the意思是her)
四、反身代词
反身代词在句中可以加强语气，用作宾语和同位语。
He himself has finished it .(作同位语)
He has taught himself Russian for 5 years .(作宾语)
I did it myself. (加强语气)
某些固定结构：by oneself; for oneself; among themselves
They made the machine all by themselves.
He cooked a meal for himself.
代 词（二）
一、指示代词
指示代词有：this; that; these; those
this, these 表示“这”、“这些”，是“近指”。
that, those表示“那”、“那些”，是“远指”。
注意：在电话用语里面，用this代替自己，that代替对方。如：
who’s that? This is Tom speaking
二、不定代词
英语中有以下不定代词：all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little(a little), few(a few), many, much, other, another, some, any, no还有由some, any , no every构成的代词。
1)both, all
both 是指“两者都”，而all则是指“三者或三者以上都”，如：
Both of us are right.
All of you are good at playing basketball.
但all 还可以组成固定短语 all day, all this, all the time等
2) either, neither
either 是指“两者之中任何一个&h ellip;…”，属于部分否定，而neither则是“两者之中一个也不……”，属全部否定
Either of the books will do.
Neither of the answers is right.
而either还可出现在否定句子里，可与neither进行句型转换。如：
Tom hasn’t been to America, Jim hasn’t, either.
= Neither Tom nor Jim has been to America.
而neither (nor) 也可用于表示“也不……”，构成“neither (nor) +助动词+主语”的句式。
Kate isn’t a worker, neither is Meimei.
3) little, a little, few, a few
little, a little修饰不可数名词; few , a few修饰可数名词;
little, few表示否定，“几乎没有”
a little, a few表示肯定，相当于some, any.
There is a little milk in the glass.
There are few students in the classroom, they’re in the reading-room.
4) every, each
every, each都是强调每一个，every 作定语修饰名词。如：
The bus comes every five minutes.
Each of them may come at a different time.
5) some , any
6) 由some, any, no, every组成的不定代词
something, someone, somebody, somewhere, anything, anyone, anybody, anywhere, nothing, none, nobody, nowhere, everything, everyone, everybody, everywhere.
三、疑问代词
疑问代词用来构成疑问句，一共有五个：
who, whom, whose, what, which.