1、选择题  铀239（style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACkAAAAlCAIAAABQwFfaAAABu0lEQVRYhe2WvZnDIAyGtQVjUDCEp6BhBw/hhhFuBhom8Ao0bKAtuIIYS4DveRxDrokqmxBe8+kX0v8ZfNlf9n+w/WYAAADM5skyGikAAED4gHS/1aq7fpsdnc3I6CwAWBePD1rz0X4zQpoC8ZtR2h77VXzCds6VZ6tVPjelFELIDxi8PNlRketarbhUN9nUyp2IMRgGL8hrb/+7bKtV0TwdXuB+jYr5ZRAbg196B1mtiF/RSFHcP0pzXPV6EbVM9nz1w94J9Zpt9XJ9Chop21+js1zwkpNA8uVcLJ6q87tNrWvG6y808cgdVLvZak1TEehuIHaceArLz3qtX7gZjRQ0WvOiczt9n1JTMXjRVBsM+86FnMLuptzuXOWaGey+4Nv2U+0bz65KXrbobPM1s9iVs9HIpW02MzSPisf/VdWbNDvQkget2h02Bi86qXw5Ozw0yi7lGo0URaVSZXkvGcqmSUniJbpTMdY3R7J5Ba5a1uuTeok7gs27Qpcd1STN6YjYLci0yw1mJzIjN6GeMPj1/mRyg11AzYwQl16THs5ug5lWxD8mqgfsQ/DKzaxCXQ8Lz9ifty/78/YLFi0700yqZ3wAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt="">）经过衰变可产生钚239（style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,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" alt="">）．关于铀239的衰变，下列说法正确的是? （　　）
A．style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,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" alt="">与style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,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" alt="">的核内具有相同的中子数和不同的核子数
B．放射性物质style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,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" alt="">发生β衰变时所释放的电子来源于核外电子
C．style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,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" alt="">经过2次β衰变产生style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACwAAAAtCAIAAABauh7zAAAB3UlEQVRYhe2WvZnDIAyGtQVjUJAdPAUNnsFDuAgj3AxuNEFWoCETaAuuwGAR/9w9MXZS+KtsEsOLPiEE4QsEnwYI4YKYdEEkfRGEVxClPPuNHAoAABDS0NK40rYWBBnZ+BBCICMFW4863VEaNz2mT7wCgY5m4zsgyD0eblyXHIpxgRACuTSOvcmLYW9yAMihKIP3JkT5mnfJhgbL7bBaMRcW/r8XghzK0n6r1UtOYG/Y6wEQVjdLM3rFctAPFgDs4MMRdvjBxqnnenEEewNJVQ7ICEEOm/Xp5jbFYSPlfi8yhG+YzXpGY7WaBcmrZEoFiFx5suLU0Xs+EpW8qJAKE0StieJmhDQu7er/cap5d/jBCilj9pQn+UQIq1WjLU1AH4DwiiVKWViTnvfb7f4sn2pC+MGWd8pSJT0agl1y66f3YAgyMp/09dtkWhpbmEHEi2rlezJSbJ+3lZK6BAEtjg8lRG4R/GDnVShWp20I3nBsC1sAALi1bWlHcR1brfh05LDrfzYjkVvD96s4vGQyb5xSh/e3HTsFL8nMIbDvci95NETR32Y7yGE3+nIGROC+5gOSzsukKo31BsQoXvWYTopECFv33lmJuRntEyPxQV0QSRdE0gWRdEEkXRBJvyuid4IiTMV6AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" alt="">
D．当温度变化时，style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACkAAAAlCAIAAABQwFfaAAABu0lEQVRYhe2WvZnDIAyGtQVjUDCEp6BhBw/hhhFuBhom8Ao0bKAtuIIYS4DveRxDrokqmxBe8+kX0v8ZfNlf9n+w/WYAAADM5skyGikAAED4gHS/1aq7fpsdnc3I6CwAWBePD1rz0X4zQpoC8ZtR2h77VXzCds6VZ6tVPjelFELIDxi8PNlRketarbhUN9nUyp2IMRgGL8hrb/+7bKtV0TwdXuB+jYr5ZRAbg196B1mtiF/RSFHcP0pzXPV6EbVM9nz1w94J9Zpt9XJ9Chop21+js1zwkpNA8uVcLJ6q87tNrWvG6y808cgdVLvZak1TEehuIHaceArLz3qtX7gZjRQ0WvOiczt9n1JTMXjRVBsM+86FnMLuptzuXOWaGey+4Nv2U+0bz65KXrbobPM1s9iVs9HIpW02MzSPisf/VdWbNDvQkget2h02Bi86qXw5Ozw0yi7lGo0URaVSZXkvGcqmSUniJbpTMdY3R7J5Ba5a1uuTeok7gs27Qpcd1STN6YjYLci0yw1mJzIjN6GeMPj1/mRyg11AzYwQl16THs5ug5lWxD8mqgfsQ/DKzaxCXQ8Lz9ifty/78/YLFi0700yqZ3wAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt="">的半衰期不变

2、选择题  下列说法中正确的是 （ ?）
A．黑体热辐射强度的极大值随温度的升高向波长较大的方向移动
B．物质波和光波都是概率波
C．原子核越大，它的结合能越高，原子核中核子结合得越牢固
D．β衰变的实质是放射性原子核内的一个中子转化成了一个质子和一个电子

3、选择题  多选
放射性同位素电池是一种新型电池，它是利用放射性同位素衰变放出的高速带电粒子（α射线、β射线）与物质相互作用，射线的动能被阻止或吸收后转变为热能，再通过换能器转化为电能的一种装置。其构造大致是：最外层是由合金制成的保护层，次外层是防止射线泄漏的辐射屏蔽层，第三层是把热能转化成电能的换能器，最里层是放射性同位素。电池使用的三种放射性同位素的半衰期和发出的射线如下表：

若选择上述某一种同位素做为放射源，使用相同材料制成的辐射屏蔽层，制造用于执行长期航天任务的核电池，则下列论述正确的是（ ? ）
A．90Sr的半衰期较长，使用寿命较长，放出的β射线比α射线的贯穿本领弱，所需的屏蔽材料较薄
B．210Po的半衰期最短，使用寿命最长，放出的α射线比β射线的贯穿本领弱，所需的屏蔽材料较薄
C．238Pu的半衰期最长，使用寿命最长，放出的α射线比β射线的贯穿本领弱，所需的屏蔽材料较薄
D．放射性同位素在发生衰变时，出现质量亏损，但衰变前后的总质量数不变

4、填空题  平衡下列核反应方程式：
（1）xyB+α→713N+n，x=______，y=______．
（2）37Li+p→α+______．

5、选择题  科学家最近发现114号超重元素，这种元互的质量数为288，该元素经衰变成为铋208（

?
20883
Bi），则α衰变和β衰变的次数分别为（　　）
A．9，20
B．20，9
C．9，9
D．20，20

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