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第31～45题，每题3分，共45分，下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 1、 A weather map is an important tool for geographers. A succession of three of four maps presents a continuous picture of weather changes. Weather forecasts are able to determine the speed of air masses and fronts; to determine whether an individual pressure area is deepening or becoming shallow and whether a front is increasing or decreasing in intensity. They are also able to determine whether an air mass is retaining its original characteristics or taking on those of the surface over which it is moving. Thus, a most significant function of the map is to reveal a synoptic picture of conditions in the atmosphere at a given time.
　　All students of geography should be able to interpret a weather map accurately. Weather maps contain an enormous amount of information about weather conditions existing at the time of observation over a large geographical area. They reveal in a few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. The United States weather Bureau issues information about approaching storms, floods, frosts, droughts, and all climatic conditions in general. Twice a month it issues a 30-day “outlook” which is a rough guide to weather conditions likely to occur over broad areas of the United States. These 30-day outlooks are based upon an analysis of the upper air levels with often set the stage for the development of air masses, fronts, and storms.
　　Considerable effort is being exerted today to achieve more accurate weather predictions. With the use of electronic instruments and earth satellites, enormous gains have taken place recently in identifying and tracking storms over regions which have but few meteorological stations. Extensive experiments are also in progress for weather modification studies. But the limitations of weather modification have prevented meteorological results except in the seeding of super-cooled, upslope mountainous winds which have produced additional orographical precipitation on the windward side of mountain ranges. Nevertheless, they have provided a clearer understanding of the fundamentals of weather elements.

1 One characteristic of weather maps not mentioned by the author in this passage is .

A.wind speed

B.thermal changes

C.fronts

D.barometric pressure

2The thirty-day forecast is determined by examining .

A. upper air levels

B.satellite reports

C. changing fronts

D.daily air maps

3The observation of weather conditions by satellites is advantageous because it .

A.gives the scientist information not obtained readily otherwise

B.enables man to alter the weather

C.uses electronic instruments

D.is modern

4A weather map is synoptic because it .

A.summarizes a great deal of information

B.can be interpreted accurately

C.appears daily

D.shows changing fronts

5At the present time, experiments are being conducted in .

A.30-day “outlook”

B.controlling storms

C.satellites

D.manipulating weather

2、  Medicine Award Kicks off Nobel Prize Announcements
　　Two scientists who have won praise for research into the growth of cancer cells could be candidates for the Nobel Prize in medicine when the 2008 winners are presented on Monday, kicking off six days of Nobel announcements.
　　Australian-born U. S. citizen Elizabeth Blackburn and American Carol Greider have already won a series of medical honors for their enzyme research and experts say they could be among the front-runners for a Nobel.
　　Only seven women have won the medicine prize since the first Nobel Prizes were handed out in 1901. The last female winner was U. S. researcher Linda Buck in 2004, who shared the prize with Richard Axel.
　　Among the pair''s possible rivals are Frenchman Pierre Chambon and Americans Ronald Evans and Elwood Jensen, who opened up the field of studying proteins called nuclear hormone receptors.
　　As usual, the award committee is giving no hints about who is in the running before presenting its decision in a news conference at Stockholm''s Karolinska Institute.
　　Alfred Nobel, the Swede who invented dynamite, established the prizes in his will in the categories of medicine, physics, chemistry,, literature and peace. The economics prize is technically not a Nobel but a 1968 creation of Sweden''s central bank.
　　Nobel left few instructions on how to select winners, but medicine winners are typically awarded for a specific breakthrough rather than a body of research.
　　Hans Jornvall, secretary of the medicine prize committee, said the 10 million kronor ( US $1.3 million) prize encourages groundbreaking research but he did not think winning it was the primary goal for scientists.
　　"Individual researchers probably don''t look at themselves as potential Nobel Prize winners when they''re at work," Jornvall told The Associated Press. "They get their kicks from their research and their interest in how life functions."
　　In 2006, Blackburn, of the University of California, San Francisco, and Greider, of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, shared the Lasker prize for basic medical research with Jack Szostak of Harvard Medical School. Their work set the stage for research suggesting that cancer cells use telomerase to sustain their uncontrolled growth.

1Who is NOT a likely candidate for this year''s Nobel Prize in medicine?

　　　

A.Elizabeth Blackburn.

B.Carol Greider.

C.Linda Buck.

D.Pierre Chambon.

2 Which is NOT true of Alfred Nobel?

A.He was from Sweden.

B.He was the inventor of dynamite.

C.He established the prizes in his will.

D.He gave clear instructions on how to select winners.

3Which was NOT originally one of the Nobel Prizes?

　

A.The medicine prize.

B.The literature prize.

C.The peace prize.

D.The economics prize.

4The word "kicks" in line 6 from the bottom probably means
　

A.excitement.

B.income.

C.motivation.

D. knowledge.

5The research by Blackburn and Greider helps suggest the role of

A. money in medical research.

B.proteins in cancer treatment.

C.hormones in the functioning of life.

D.telomerase in the growth of cancer cells.

3、 After-birth Depression Blamed for Woman’s Suicide
　　A new mother apparently suffering from postpartum mental illness fell to her death from a narrow 12th-floor ledge of a Chicago hotel, eluding the lunging grasp of firemen called to help.
　　The Chicago Tribune reported Tuesday that the mother of a 3-month-old daughter, Melanie Stokes, 41, was said to be suffering from a severe form of after-birth depression called postpartum psychosis, an extremely rare biological response to rapidly changing hormonal levels that can result in hallucinations, delusions, severe insomnia and a drastic departure from reality.
　　“That was a monster in my daughter’s brain,” said Stokes’ mother, Carol Blocker. “The medicine took no effect at all, while her grief was so strong that nothing could make up for it. I’m just glad she didn’t take her daughter with her.”
　　Virtually all new mothers get postpartum blues, also called the “baby blues”, which are brief episodes of irritability, moodiness and weepiness. About 20 per cent of birthing women experience postpartum depression, which can be triggered by hormonal changes, sleeplessness and the pressures of being a new mother. It is often temporary and highly treatable.
　　But The Tribune said what scientists suspect Stokes was battling, postpartum psychosis, is even more extreme and is considered a psychiatric emergency. During postpartum psychosis—a very real disorder that affects less than 1 percent of women, according to the National Institute of Mental Health—a mother might hear voices, have visions, feel extremely agitated and be at risk of harming the child or herself.
　　Often the consequences are tragic. In 1987, Sheryl Masip of California told a judge that postpartum psychosis made her drive a Volvo over her 6-week-old son. Latrena Pixley of Washington, D. C., said the disorder was why she smothered her 6-week-old daughter in 1992. And last year, Judy Kirby, a 31-year-old Indianapolis mother allegedly suffering from postpartum psychosis, sped into oncoming traffic and plowed into a minivan, killing seven youngsters, including three of the own.

1 Which of the following is NOT a symptom of postpartum psychosis?

　

A.Visions.

B.Delusions.

C. Inflamed breast

D.Serious sleeplessness.

2It was considered fortunate by Stokes’ mother in the miserable event

　

A.that Stokes had died in a Chicago hotel.

B.that firemen had been called to help Stokes.

C.that Stokes had been taking the prescribed medicines.

D.that Stokes had not taken her daughter with her.

3 A patient suffering from “baby blues” may present briefly one or more of the following symptoms EXCEPT

　

A.having an intention of suicide.

B.readily becoming impatient or angry.

C.easily changing her moods.

D.tending to experience weeping and sadness.

4How many bearing women have experiences of after-birth depression?
　　

A.Virtually all of them

B.About one fifth of them.

C.Less than one percent of them

D.Not mentioned exactly in the passage.

5Who induced the most serious consequence among the postpartum depression patients mentioned in the passage?

A.Melanie Stokes of Chicago

B.Sheryl Masip of California.

C.Latrena Pixley of Washington

D. Judy Kirby of Indianapolis.

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