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(第31~45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 1、 Recycling Around the World Recycling is one of the best environmental success stories of the late 20th century.But we could domore.People must not see recycling as fashionable, but essential. The Japanese are very good at recycling because they live in a crowded country.They donot have much space.They do not want to share their limited space with rubbish.But even so, Tokyo area alone is estimated to have three million tons of leftover rubbish at present. In 1996, the United States recycled and composted (制成肥料)57 million tons of waste (27% of the nation's solid waste).This is 57 million tons of waste which did not go into landfills and incinerators (焚化炉).In doing this, 7, 000 rubbish collection programmes and recycling centers helped the authorities. In Rockford, a city in Illinois, US, its officials choose one house each week and check its garbage (废物).If the garbage does not contain any newspapers or almninium(铝) cans, then the resident of the house gets a prize of at least $1,000. In Japan, certain cities give children weekly supplies of tissue paper and toilet paper in exchange for a weekly collection of newspapers. In one year Britain recycles: 1 out of every 3 newspapers. 1 out of every 4 glass bottles and jars (罐子). 1 out of every 4 items of clothing. 1 out of every 3 aluminium drink cans. In 1999, Hong Kong transported 1.3 million tons of waste to mainland Chinafor recycling.Around 535,000 tons of waste were recycled in Hong Kong itself. Over half the things we throw away could be recycle.D That means we could recycle 10 times as much as we do now. However, recycling needs a lot of organization and special equipment.Also,there is not much use for some recycled material.

1In Japan, the newspapers collected by children

A.are given to poor people.

B.are used as reading materials.

C.are used as prizes.

D.are recycled.

2Which of the following is NOT true of Britain?

A.It recycles 1 out of every 3 newspapers each year.

B.It recycles 1 out of every 4 glass bottles and jars each year.

C.It recycles 1 out of every 3 aluminium cans each year.

D.It recycles 1 out of every 4 items of clothing each year.

3Where can people get a big prize for contributing to recycling?

A.Rockford.

B.Tokyo.

C.Hong Kong.

D.London.

4How much waste did the US recycle in 19967

A.1.3 million tons.

B.27 million tons.

C.57 million tons.

D.53 million tons.

5Which of the following is NOT true of the Japanese?

A.They live in a crowded country.

B.They have recycled all their waste.

C.They are very good at recycling.

D.They have to share their limited space with rubbish

2、 Superconductor Ceramic(陶瓷) An underground revolution begins this winter, with the flip(轻击)of a switch,30,000 homes in one part of Detroit will soon become the first in the country to receive electricity transmitted by ice-cold high performance cables.Other American cities are expected to follow Detroit' s example in the years ahead, which could conserve enormous amounts of power. The new electrical cables at the Frisbie power station in Detroit are revolutionary because they are made of superconductors.A superconductor is a material that transmits electricity with little or no resistance.Resistance is the degree to which a substance resists electric current.All co, on electrical conductors have a certain amount of electrical resistance.They convert at least some of the electrical energy passing through them into waste heat.Superconductors don' t No one understands how superconductivity works.It just does. Making superconductors isn't easy.A superconductor material has to be cooled to anextremely low temperature to lose its resistance.The first superconductors, made more than SO years ago, had to be cooled to-263 degrees Celsius before they lost their resistance.Newer superconducting materials lose their resistance at-143 degrees Celsius. The superconductors cable installed at the Frisbie station is made of a ceramic material that contains copper, oxygen, bismuth(铋), strontium(锶),and calcium (钙).A ceramic is a harD strong compound made from clay or minerals.The superconducting ceramic has been fashioned into a tape that is wrapped lengthwise around a long tube filled with liquid nitrogen.Liquid nitrogen is superconductors and lowers the temperature of the ceramic tape to the point where it conveys electricity with zero resistance. The United States loses an enormous amount of electricity each year to resistance.Because cooled superconductors have no resistance, they waste much less power.Other cities are watching the Frisbie experiment in the hope that they might switch to superconducting cable and conserve power, too.

1At what temperature does the superconducting ceramic lose its resistance?

A.-143 degree Celsius.

B.-263 degree Celsius.

C.As long as it is ice-cold.

D.Absolute zero.

2What element enables the ceramic tape to lower its temperature?

A.Copper.

B.Liquid nitrogen..

C.Clay.

D.Calcium.

3What is the benefit of the revolution mentioned in the first paragraph?

A.With a flip of swish, electricity can be transmitted.

B.Other American cities can benefit from the high performance cables.

C.Great amounts of power can be conserved.

D.Detroit will first receive electricity transmitted by the new electrical cables

4According to the last paragraph, which of the following statements is NOT true?

A.Other cities hope they Can also conserve power.

B.Other cities hope they Can use superconducting cables soon.

C.Superconductors waste less power because of their low resistance.

D.The Fribie experiment is not successful.

5Compared to common electrical conductors, superconductors

A.have little or no electrical resistance.

B.Can be used for along time.

C.are not energy-efficient.

D.can be made easily.

3、 Sunspots It's not surprising that sunspots (太阳黑子) were observed by ancient　astronomers (天文学家).The largest sunspots on the sun can be seen without a　telescope.It was not until the invention of the telescope (望远镜) in the early　17th century, however, that systematic studies of sunspots could be undertaken.The　great astronomer Galileo was among the first to make telescopic observations of　sunspots. Sunspots are regions of extremely strong magnetic fields (磁场) found on the　sun's surface.A sunspot has a dark central core known as the umbr A The umbra　is surrounded by a dark ring called the penumbra, where the magnetic field spreads　outwar D Sunspots appear dark because they are giving off less radiation.They are cooler than the rest of the sun's surface. Sunspots are frequently observed in pairs or in paired groups.The members of a spot pair are identified as the leading spot and the following spot.They are identified by their position In the pair In terms of the direction in which the sun rotates (旋转). The number of sunspots at any one time varies.A large spot group may consist of as many as lOgroups and 300 spots across the sun.The number of spots changes in a fairly regular pattern called the sunspot cycle.The largest number occurs about every 11 years.At sunspot minimum, there are at most just a few small spots. The average lifetime of an individual spot group is roughly one solar rotation, which is about 25 days.The most persistent large spots, however, can survive for two to three months.

1In the last paragraph the word "persistent" means

A.important.

B.effective.

C.enduring.

D.visible.

2If an intense sunspot activity had occurred in 1857, the next one wouldhave been in

A.1858.

B.1862.

C.1865.

D.1868.

3The leading spot and the following spot are the names of

A.two large sunspots.

B.a large spot and a small spot.

C.the two spots in a spot pair.

D.the central core and the ring around it.

4Sunspots are cooler than the rest of the sun's surface because

A.they produce less energy.

B.they are buried in the sun.

C.they are far away from magnetic fields.

D.they are close to magnetic fields.

5Careful observations and systematic studies of sunspots

A.were made by ancient astronomers.

B.started in the early 17th century.

C.were made by Galileo only.

D.could be made without a telescope.

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