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阅读理解
1、 ThirstforOilWerldwideeverydaywedevourtheenergyequivalentofabout200millionbarrelsofOil.MoHtoftheenergyonEarthcomesfromtheSun.InfactenoughenergyfromtheSunhitstheplanet’ssurfaceeachminutetocoverourneedsforanentireyearwejustneedtofindanefficientwaytouseit.Sofartheenergyinoilhasbeencheaperandeasiertogetat.Butassuppliesdwindlethiswillchange,andwewillneedtocureouraddictiontooil.##Burningwoodsatisfiedmostenergyneedsuntilthesteam-drivenindustrialrevolutionwhenenergy-densecoalbecamethefuelofchoice.CoalisstillusedmostlyinpowerstationstocoverorlequarterofourenergyneedsbutitsusehasbeendecliningsincewcStanedpumpingupoil.Coalistheleastefficientunhealthiestandmostenvironmentallydamagingfossilfuelbutcouldmakeacomeback,assuppliesarestillplentiful;itsreservesarefivetimeslargerthanoil’s.TodaypetroleumamineraloilobtainedfrombelowthesurfaceoftheEarthandusedtoproducepetroldieseloilandvariousotherchemicalsubstancesprovidesaround40%oftheworld’senergyneedsmostlyfuellingautomobiles.TheUSconsumesaquarterofalloil,andgeneratesasimilarproportionofgreenhousegasemissions.ThemajorityofoilComesfromtheMiddleEastwhichhashalfofknownreserves.ButothersignificantsourcesincludeRussiaNorthAmericaNorwayVenezuelaandtheNorthSea.Alaska''sArcticNationalWildlifeRefuge1couldbeamajornewUSsource,toreducerelianceonforeignimports.Mostexpertspredictwewillexhausteasilyaccessiblereserveswithin50yearsthoughopinionsandestimatesvary.Wecouldfastreachanenergycrisisinthenextfewdecadeswhendemandexceedssupply.Asconventionalreservesbecomemoredifficuhtoaccess.otherssuchasoilshalesandtarsandsmaybeusedinstead.Petrolcouldalsobeobtainedfromcoal.Sincewestartedusingfossilfuelswehavereleased400billiontonnes2ofcarbonandburningtheentirereservescouldeventuallyraiseworldtemperaturesby13℃.AmongotherhorrorsthiswouldresultinthedestructionofallrainforestsandtileinchingofallArcticice.词汇:Devour/di5vauE(r)/v.吞没,耗尽dwindle/5dwindl/v.减少Dense/dens/adj.密集的dieseloil柴油pump/pQmp/v.用泵抽吸accessible/Ek5sesEbl/adj.可使用的,可得到的petrolcum/5petrEl/n.石油,原油rainforestn.(热带)雨林reliance/ri5laiEns/n.依赖,依靠tarsand沥青砂oilshale油页岩destruction/dis5trQkFEn/n.破坏,毁灭注释:(1).Alaska’sArcticNationalWildlifeRefuge:美国阿拉斯加北极国家野生动物保护区.2001年,美国众议院通过了一项基于布什提出的在那里进行石油开采的议案.该议案遭到环境保护主义组织的反对.因此,目前在该区禁止开采石油.(2).tonnes:公吨(=1,000公斤).不同于ton.ton:在美国等于二千磅(=0.907公吨),所以称作shortton:短吨.练习:
参考答案： D
答案解析： 无
- 1“...wewillneedtocureouraddictiontooil.”Whydoestheauthorsayso?
A.MostoftheenergyonEarthcomesfromtheSun.
B.Oilsupplyisincreasingallthetime.
C.Demandforoilisincreasingallthetime.
D.Oilsupplyisdecreasing.
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参考答案： C
答案解析： 无
- 2WhichoflhefollowingstatementsisNOTmeantbytheauthor,accordingtothesecondparagraph?
A.MostoftheenergyonEarthcomesfromtheSun.
B.Oilsupplyisincreasingallthetime.
C.Demandforoilisincreasingallthetime.
D.Oilsupplyisdecreasing.
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参考答案： A
答案解析： 无
- 3Whichcountryisthebiggestconsumerofpetroleum?
A.MostoftheenergyonEarthcomesfromtheSun.
B.Oilsupplyisincreasingallthetime.
C.Demandforoilisincreasingallthetime.
D.Oilsupplyisdecreasing.
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参考答案： B
答案解析： 无
- 4Whatdoexpertssayabouttheearth’sfuelreserves?
A.MostoftheenergyonEarthcomesfromtheSun.
B.Oilsupplyisincreasingallthetime.
C.Demandforoilisincreasingallthetime.
D.Oilsupplyisdecreasing.
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参考答案： D
答案解析： 无
- 5WhatisNOTtheresultofconsumingfossilfuelsaccordingtothelastparagraph?
A.MostoftheenergyonEarthcomesfromtheSun.
B.Oilsupplyisincreasingallthetime.
C.Demandforoilisincreasingallthetime.
D.Oilsupplyisdecreasing.
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2、 ExploreroftheExtremeDeepOceanscovermorethantwo-thirdsofourplanet.Yet,justasmallfractionoftheundcrwalerworldhasbeenuxplored.Now,ScientistsattheWoodsHole1OceanographicInstitution(WHOI)inMassachusettsarebuildinganunderwatervehiclehatwillcarryexplorersasdeepas6,500meters(21,320feet).Thenewmachineknownasamannedsubmersibleorhuman-operatedvehicle(HOV)willreplaceanotheronenamedAlvin2whichbasanamazingrecordofdiscoveryplayingakeyroleinvariousimportantandfamousunderseaexpeditions.Alvinhasbeenoperatingfor40yearsbutcangodownonly4,500meters(14,784feet).It’sabouttimeforanupgrade,WHOIresearcherssay.Alvinwaslaunchedin1964.SincethenAlvinhasworkedbetween200and250daysayearsaysDanielFornariamarinegeologistanddirectoroftheDeepOceanExplorationInstituteatWHOI.DuringitslifetimeAlvinhascarriedsome12,000peopleonatotalofmorethan3,000dives.AnewerbetterversionsofAlvinisboundtorevealevenmoresurprisesahoutaworldthatisstillfullofmysteriesFornarisays.Itmightalsomakethejobofexplorationalittleeasier.“Wetakesomuchforgrantedonland,”Fornarisays.“Wecanwalkaroundandseewithoureyeshowbigthingsare.Wecanseecolors,specialarrangements.”Size-wisethenewHOVwillbesimilartoAlvin.It’llbeabout37feetlong.Thesettingareainsidewillbeasmallsphereabout8feetwidelikeAlvinit’llcarryapilotandtwopassengers.Itwillbejustasmaneuverable.Inmostotherwaysitwillgivepassengersmoreopportunitiestoenjoytheviewforonething.Alvinhasonlythreewindowsthenewvehiclewillhavefivewithmoreoverlapsothatthepassengersandthepilotcanseethesamething.Alvincangoupanddownatarateof30meterseverysecondanditsmaximumspeedis2knots(about2.3milesperhour)whilethenewvehiclewillbeabletoascendanddescendat44meterspersecond.It’llreachspeedsof3knots,or3.5milesperhour.词汇:fraction/5frAkFEn/n.一部分dive/daiv/v.&n.潜水;跳水underwater/5QndE5wC:tE(r)/adj.bound/baund/adj.受约束的,一定的水下的;adv.在水下sphere/sfiE(r)/n.球体;范围manned/5mAnd/adj.载人的maneuverable/mE5nu:vErEbl/adj.undersea/5QndEsi:/adj.海底的机动的,可调动的submersible/sQb5mE:sEbl/n.潜艇;潜水器overlap/5EuvE5lAp/v.&n.重叠upgrade/5Qp^reid/n.升级Ascend/E5send/v.上升geologist/dVi5ClEdVist/n.地质学家注释:(1).WoodsHole:美国马萨诸塞州的一个渔村,但同时拥有许多重要研究机构,如:theMarineBiologicalLaboratory,theSeaEducationAssociation以及theWoodsHoleOceanographiclnstitution.(2).Alvin:世界上第一个深海潜水器,它最有名的深海探测包括1986年对泰坦尼克号残骸的测量工作.练习:
参考答案： A
答案解析： 无
- 1WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTafactaboutAlvin?
A.Aresearchinstitute.
B.Atransportingvehicle.
C.Asubmersible.
D.Ascientist.
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参考答案： C
答案解析： 无
- 2“...aworldthatisstillfullofmysteries”refersto
A.Aresearchinstitute.
B.Atransportingvehicle.
C.Asubmersible.
D.Ascientist.
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参考答案： D
答案解析： 无
- 3InwhataspectsarethenewHOVandAlvinsimilar?
A.Aresearchinstitute.
B.Atransportingvehicle.
C.Asubmersible.
D.Ascientist.
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参考答案： D
答案解析： 无
- 4InwhataspectsarethenewHOVandAlvindifferent?
A.Aresearchinstitute.
B.Atransportingvehicle.
C.Asubmersible.
D.Ascientist.
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