ese blow the melted rock into pieces of different sizes and shoot them high in the air. Here they cool and harden into volcanic ash and cinders. Some of the material falls around the hole made in the earth’s surface. The melted rock may keep on rising and pour out as lava. In this way, volcanic ash, cinders and lava build up the cone-shaped mountains that we call volcanoes.

 

 

 

1Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

 A.Geologists know that volcano action is caused by radioactive elements.  B.Geologists know that there is higher temperature within the earth.  C.The real causes of the heat inside the earth have not been found.  D.Scientists have made various guesses about the causes of heat inside the earth.  

 

2From the information given in the passage, most minerals would melt fastest _______.

 A.at 40000F, at sea level  B.at 40000F, 5000 feet below sea level  C.at the exact center of earth at 40000F  D.at 40000F, 5000 feet above the sea level  

 

3The subject of this passage is the _______.

 A.formation of volcanoes  B.results of volcanic action  C.work of geologists  D.interior of the earth  

 

4The cause fro the heat in the interior of the earth is _______.

 A.radioactive elements  B.the great pressure of the earth  C.not determined  D.the heart remaining from the formation of the earth  

 

5The best title for the passage is _______.

 A.The Heat Inside the Earth  B.Volcanoes  C.Radioactive Elements  D.The Melted Rock   2、Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian Fatalities Cell phones are a danger on the road in more ways than one. Two new studies show that talking on the phone while traveling, whether you're driving or on foot, is increasing both pedestrian deaths and those of drivers and passengers, and recommend crackdowns on cell1 use by both pedestrians and drivers.The new studies, lead-authored by Rutgers University, Newark, Economics Professor Peter D. Loeb2, relate the impact of cell phones on accident fatalities to the number of cell phones in use, showing that the current increase in deaths resulting from cell phone use follows a period when cell phones actually helped to reduce pedestrian and traffic fatalities. However, this reduction in fatalities disappeared once the numbers of phones in use reached a "critical mass" 3 of 100 million, the study found.These studies looked at cell phone use and motor vehicle accidents from 1975 through 2002, and factored in4 a number of variables, including vehicle speed, alcohol consumption, seat belt use, and miles driven. The studies found the cell phone-fatality correlation to be true even when including factors such as speed, alcohol consumption, and seat belt use.Loeb and his co-author determined that, at the current time, cell phone use has a "significant adverse effect on pedestrian safety" and that “cell phones and their usage above a critical thresholds adds to motor vehicle fatalities." In the late 1980s and part of the 1990s, before the numbers of phones exploded, cell phone use actually had a "life-saving effect" in pedestrian and traffic accidents, Loeb notes. "Cell-phone users' were able to quickly call for medical assistance when involved in an accident. This quick medical response actually reduced the number of traffic deaths for a time," Loeb hypothesizes.