[职称英语真题]2015年考试真题及参考答案详解——理工类A级真题及答案详解 - 职称英语理工类真题

2015年职称英语考试真题——理工类A级试题及答案

第一部分：词汇选项

1.I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.

A.control

B.observe

C.regulate

D.accept

答案：D

2.She showed a natural aptitude hard to accept.

A.sense

B.talent

C.flavor

D.taste

答案：B

3.Most people find rejection hard to accept.

A.excuse

B.client

C.destiny

D.refusal

答案：C

4. The organization was bold enough to face the press.

A.pleased

B.powerful

C.brave

D.sensible

答案：C

5.They were locked in mortal cmbat.

A.deadly

B.open

C.actual

D.active

答案：A

6. We were attracted by the lure of quick money.

A.amount

B.supply

C.sum

D.temp

答案：C

7.The procedures were perceived as complex and less transparent.

A.clear

B.necessary

C.special

D.correct

答案：A

8.The Stock Exchange is in turmoil following a huge wave of selling.

A.Service

B.danger

C.disorder

D.threat

答案：C

9.He believes that Europe must change or it will perish.

A.survice

B.last

C.die

D.move

答案：C

10.There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next build.

A.fair

B.full

C.coexisting

D.public

答案：C

11.They promote simulation of ethnic group into the main-streasm culture.

A.policy

B.value

C.equality

D.intergration

答案：D

12.A saleman’s cardinal rule is to satisfy customers.

A.principal

B.offical

C.simple

D.legal

答案：A

13.I must compliment you on your handling of a very difficult situation.

A.silence

B.praise

C.assure

D.complain

答案：B

14.We live for years in a perpetual state of fear.

A.emotion

B.nervous

C.terribile

D.Contimuous

答案：D

15.The starving children were a pathectic sight.

A.common

B.unexpected

C.unforgettable

D.pitiful

答案：D

第二部分：阅读判断

Lackof Oxygen Delayed the Rise of Animals on Earth

Scientistshave long speculated as to why animal species didn't flourishsooner,oncesufficient oxygen covered the Earth's surface.Animals began toprosper at theend of the Proterozoic period,about 800 million years ago — butwhat about thebillion-year stretch before that,when most researchers think therealso wasplenty of oxygen?

Well,it seems the air wasn't so great then,after all.

Ina study published Oct.31 in Science,Yale researcher Noah Planavsky andhiscolleagues found that oxygen levels during the "boring billion"periodwereonly 0.1% of what they are today.In other words,Earth's atmospherecouldn'thave supported a diversity of creatures,no matter what geneticadvancementswere poised to occur.

"There is no questionthat genetic and ecological innovation must ultimatelybe behind the rise ofanimals,but it is equally unavoidable that animals need acertain level ofoxygen,"said Planavsky,co-lead author of the research along withChristopherReinhard of the Georgia Institute of Technology."We're providing thefirstevidence that oxygen levels were low enough during this period topotentiallyprevent the rise of animals.”

Thescientists found their evidence by analyzing chromium (Cr) isotopes inancientsediments from China,Australia,Canada,and the United States.Chromiumisfound in the Earth's continental crust,and chromium oxidation isdirectlylinked to the presence of free oxygen in the atmosphere.

Specifically,the team studied samples deposited in shallow,iron-rich oceanareas,near theshore.They compared their data with other samples taken fromyounger localesknown to have higher levels of oxygen.

Oxygen'srole in controlling the first appearance of animals has long vexedscientists."We were missing the right approach until now,"Planavskysaid."Chromium gaveus the proxy."Previous estimates put the oxygen level at 40%of today'sconditions during pre-animal times,leaving open the possibility thatoxygenwas already plentiful enough to support animal life.

Inthe new study,the researchers acknowledged that oxygen levels were"highlydynamic"in the early atmosphere,with the potential for occasionalspikes.However,they said,"It seems clear that there is a first-order differenceinthe nature of Earth surface Cr cycling"before and after the rise ofanimals.

"If we are right,ourresults will really change how people view the origins ofanimals and othercomplex life,and their relationships to the co-evolvingenvironment,"saidco-author Tim Lyons of the University ofCalifornia-Riverside."This could be agame changer.”

Fundingsources for the research included the NASA Exobiology Program and theNationalScience Foundation's Earth-Life Transitions program,awarded toPlanavsky,Reinhard,and Lyons.

Theother members of the research team included Xiangli Wang,a postdoctoralfellowat Yale; Thomas Johnson,of the University of Illinois; DanielleThomson,ofCarleton University; Peter McGoldrick,of the University of Tasmania;andWoodward Fischer,of the California Institute of Technology.

16.The study discovered the rise of animals occurred earlier than theProterozoicperiod.