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第三篇 Television: First Digital Broadcasts Are Transmitted

The age of digital television kicked off on November 1, 1998, ac about 40 TV stations around the United States aired the first digital broadcasts. Few people were able to experience the new technology, however, as high equipment costs and other drawbacks (缺点) have deterred (阻止) most consumers from purchasing the type of TV sets needed to receive the broadcasts.

The date was a target set by industry and government officials to begin moving television from the current analog (模拟)standard to a digital one. Digital television (also known as high-definition television, or HDTV) allows stations to broadcast high-resolution pictures and digital-quality sound, or alternatively to transmit as many as six different programs in the same amount of broadcast spectrum currently used by one analog broadcast. Sports events, feature films, and hit prime-time shows were some of the digital broadcasts planned by major networks in November.

But because few television stations have installed the expensive technology, some observers estimate that as few as 100 of the newly introduced digital television sets had been sold across the country at the November 1 milestone. Prices for the first HDTV systems on the market start at about $7000 each, and the sets are not compatible with cable television systems. Cable-ready digital sets are not expected to be available until November 1999, according to an agreement between television manufacturers and the cable industry that was announced in early November.

A number of stations actually got a jump on the November 1 kickoff when they aired a live digital broadcast of the launch of the space shuttle Discovery, which carried 77-year-old astronaut John Glenn, on October 29.

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has mandated (要求) that the broadcasting industry reach certain milestones as part of the implementation of digital television. For example, all network affiliates (分支机构) in the top 10 U.S. markets must introduce digital broadcasting by May 1, 1999; all affiliates in the top 30 markets must do so by November 1, 1999; and all commercial stations, by May 1, 2002, at which time stations will the transition to digital television be completed by the end of 2006, at which time stations will surrender their analog spectrum. But this date could be extended if digital television has not penetrated at least 85 percent of the market.

31. Few people were able to enjoy digital broadcasts on November 1, 1998 because

A) manufacturers of TV equipment had not yet produced enough HDTVs.

B) many TV viewers had gone out to play football.

C) equipment needed to receive the digital signals had been too expensive.

D) TV stations hadn't installed the digital technology to make programs.

32 . One of the advantages of digital television is that

A) it will surely attract more television viewers.

B) it can make full use of the current channels.

C) costs of making television programs will be reduced.

D) HDTV systems are completely compatible with cable TV systems.

33. From an agreement between TV manufacturers and the cable industry, we can infer that

A) cable systems will be separated from HDTV systems.

B) digital television sets will be made compatible with cable television systems.

C) HDTV stations will help cable TV companies technologically.

D) HDTV stations will support cable TV companies financially.

34. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

A)Digital television technology was actually used in launching the space shuttle

Columbia.

B) 77-year-old astronaut John Glenn got his first HDTV on October 29.

C) The number of digital TV stations increased dramatically on November 1.

D) Several digital television stations aired a broadcast of the launch of Discovery.

35. According to FCC's schedule.

A) all TV stations must introduce digital broadcasting by May 1, 2002.

B) digital systems must penetrate at least 85 percent of the market by May 1, 1999.

C) the best 10 TV networks must begin digital broadcasting by November 1, 1999.

D) all TV stations will stop broadcasting analog programs by the end of 2006.

第四篇 Great Escape

The Man of Many Secrets -- Harry Houdini -- was one of the greatest American entertainers in the theater this century. He was a man famous for his escapes -- from prison cells, from wooden boxes floating in rivers, from locked tanks full of water. He appeared in theaters all over Europe and America. Crowds came to see the great Houdini and his 'magic' tricks.

Of course, his secret was not magic, or supernatural powers. It was simply strength. He had the ability to move his toes as well as he moved his fingers. He could move his body into almost any position he wanted.

Houdini started working in the entertainment world when he was 17, in 1891. He and his brother Theo performed card tricks in a club in New York. They called themselves the Houdini Brothers. When Harry married in 1894, he and his wife Bess worked together as magician and assistant. But for a long time they were not very successful. They Harry performed his first prison escape, in Chicago in 1898. Harry persuaded a detective to let him try to escape from the prison, and he invited the local newspapermen to watch..

It was the publicity that came from this that started Harry Houdini's success. Harry had fingers trained to escape from handcuffs and toes trained to escape from ankle chains. But his biggest secret was how he unlocked the prison doors. very time he went into the prison cell, Bess gave him a kiss for good luck -- and a small skeleton key, which is a key that fits many locks, passed quickly from her mouth to his.

Harry used these prison escapes to build his fame. He arranged to escape from the local jail of every town he visited. In the afternoon, the people of the town would read about it in their local newspapers, and in the evening every seat in the local theater would be full. What was the result? World-wide fame, and a mane remembered today.

36. According to the passage, Houdini's in prison escapes depends on

A) his magic tricks and unhuman powers.

B) his special tricks and supernatural powers.

C) his unusual ability and a skeleton key.

D) his unhuman talents and magic tricks.

37. In the fourth paragraph, the word 'this' refers to

A) his first prison escape. B) the publicity

C) Harry Houdini's success. D) the year 1898

38. Where did Houdini perform his first prison escape?

A) In the local theatre. B) In Europe. C) In New York. D) In Chicago.

39. It can be inferred from the passage that Houdini became famous

A) when he was about 24. B) when he was about 17.

C) in 1894. D) before he married.

40. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

A) Houdini was a famous American magician.

B) Theo helped Houdini build his fame.

C) Houdini entered the entertainment world together with his wife.

D) Bess was as famous as Houdini.

第五篇 Automobile

An automobile is a self-propelled (自动驱动的) vehicle used primarily on public roads but adaptable to other surfaces. Automobiles changed the world during the 20th century, particularly in the United States and other industrialized nations. From the growth of suburbs to the development of complicated (复杂的) road and highway systems, the so-called horseless carriage has forever altered the modern landscape. The manufacture, sales, and servicing of automobiles have become key elements of industrial economies; indeed, the health of a country's automobile industry in large measure determines the health of the entire economy. But along with greater mobility (流动性) and job creation, the automobile has brought air and noise pollution, and automobile accidents rank among the leading causes of death and injury throughout the world. But for better or worse, the 1900s can be called the Age of the Automobile, and cars will no doubt continue to shape our culture and economy as we enter the 21st century.

Automobiles are classified by size style, number of doors, and intended use. The typical automobile, also called a car, auto, motorcar, and passenger car, has four wheels and can carry up to six people, including a driver. Larger vehicles designed to carry more passengers are called vans, omnibuses, or buses. Those used to carry cargo are called pickups or trucks, depending on their size and design. Minivans are van-style vehicles built on a passenger car frame that can usually carry up to eight passengers.

In 1995 manufacturing plants in 25 countries produced more than 36 million passenger cars. Japan built more passenger cars than any other country: 7.6 million compared to 6.3 million cars manufactured in the United States. About 8.6 million cars were sold in America in 1995, and nearly half of them were bought by businesses.

The automobile is built around an engine. Various systems supply the engine with fuel, cool it during operation, lubricate (润滑) its moving parts, and remove waste gases it creates. The engine produces mechanical power that is transmitted to the automobile's wheels through transmission systems. Suspension systems, which include springs and shock absorbers, cushion the ride and help protect the vehicle from being damaged by bumps, heavy loads, and other stresses. Wheels and tires (轮胎) support the vehicle on the roadway and, when rotated by powered axles (车轴), propel the vehicle forward or backward. Steering and braking systems provide control over direction and speed. An electrical system starts and operates the engine, monitors and controls many aspects of the vehicle's operation, and powers such components as headlights and radios. Safety features such as bumpers, air bags, and seat belts help protect passengers in an accident.

41. An automobile can be defined as

A) a self-propelled vehicle. B) a truck. C) a bus. D) a carriage.

42. Which of the following statements in NOT necessarily true?

A) Automobiles changed industrialized nations in the 20th century.

B) Automobiles have shaped our culture and economy.

C) Automobiles have brought noise and air pollution.

D) Automobiles are the safest transportation vehicles in the world.

43. The automobile that has four wheels and that can carry no more than six people is called

A) an omnibus. B) a pickup. C) a passenger car. D)a minivan

44. In 1995, passenger cars were built in the United States.

A) 36 million B) 7.6 million C) 6.3 million D) 8.6 million

45. We can infer that a car's good can make driving on rough roads a relatively

smooth and comfortable experience.

A) transmission systems B) suspension systems

C) steering and braking systems D) electrical and safety systems

第二部分

三、概括大意 (共5题，第小题2分，共10分)

下面的一篇短文共分五段，每段说明一个主题。其主题可以用一个或几个单词表示出来，该单词或词组是不完整的，即有一个词是空出来，但其第一个(或前几个)字母已经给出，请将其余的字母补全，使之成为一个完整的单词。答案一律写在试卷相应的位置上。

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46. T of Advertisement Readers

When you see a clever advertisement in a newspaper, do you say to yourself, 'Ah, that's good. I'd like to have one of those'? Or do you say, 'What lies are they telling this time ? It can't be very good or they wouldn't have to advertise it so cleverly'? Both of these people exist: the first are optimists; the second pessimists and realists.

47. B One May Get From Reading Honest Advertisements

Advertisements can be extremely useful if they are honest: if, let us say, you have broken your pen and you want to buy another, the first thing to do is to look at as many ,advertisements for pens as you can find. That will help you to choose the model, colour and price that suit you. Advertisements save a lot of time and trouble by putting sellers in touch with buyers in a quick and simple way. If the advertisements are true and accurate, the customers will be satisfied and will probably buy from the same firm next time and advise their friends and acquaintances to do the same.

48. Tr of Dishonest Advertisers

The really dishonest advertiser hopes to sell his goods quickly and to make a large profit on them before the customers' reactions begin. He knows that no customers will buy from him a second time, and that none will recommend his products to their friends. But there are also semi-dishonest advertisers who make claims for their products which they know perfectly well to be incapable of verification (证实), like advertising that a particular substance - which it in fact does - knowing that this substance is in fact neither beneficial nor harmful to the teeth. Such advertisements do not tell downright (直截了当的) lies, but their advertising is deliberately misleading.

49. F of Advertising

If there was no advertising, fewer goods would be sold, so the cost of each article would be higher. The more you advertise, the more cheaply you can afford to sell your products. Advertising also encourages (or forces) makers to improve their goods continually. One manufacturer of soap-powder claims that his product does not harm housewives' hands, and quotes the opinions of prominent doctors to prove this. All other soap-powder manufacturers are forced to make their products harmless too.

50. I between the Advertiser and the Customer

As advertisers become more and more expert at their work, they appeal to all the human emotions in the effort to increase sales: greed, jealousy, love of a bargain, fear of the disapproval of other people, fear of ill health, the desire to catch a husband, the desire to show off, and many others. But more and more customers are also becoming suspicious of and resistant to high-powered advertising. This is producting, in highly sophisticated countries, a deliberately modest, self-deprecating (自贬的) advertisement that is intended to disarm the customer's suspicions by giving an impression of absolute sincerity (诚恳), or even of deliberate understatement.

四、完形填空(共10题，每小题2分，共20分)

阅读下面的短文，其中有10处空白，根据短文的内容在文中的空白处填上适当的字母，使之构成一个完整的单词。该单词的第一个字母已经给出。答案一律写在试卷相应的位置上。

Germany and its Bread-eating Culture

You can tell a lot about a country from its bread. A baguette (法式长面包) expresses the French gift for structure and style. No food could be more sensible than an English brown loaf. But a (51) the great bread-eating cultures, Germany stands out, and not just because Germans eat so much more of it: 81 kilograms a year per person in 1994,c (52) with 56 in France and 52 in Britain.

German bread comes in the sort of variety that irritated Napoleon when f (53) with the countless little German kingdoms and states of the Holy Roman Empire: over 400 kinds of bread and ,it is claimed, more than 2,000 different sorts of roll. Far f (54) dying out, German bakers' variety seems to be increasing.

De Gualle complained a (55) the ungovernability (难以管理) of a land of 300 cheeses. Well-governed Germans cope, as their baker do, by federalism (联邦制) and coalitions (联盟). Governments come in many mixtures-Social, Christian and Free Democratic, as well as Green. Like German loaves, they t (56) to be solid, uniformly structured out of different grains and ver long-lasting.

At one time you could say where in Germany d (57) kinds of bread were eaten. Now bakers in all parts of the country offer every sort of regional speciality. Because of war, division or simply the ease of travel, most Germans these days turn out, like their bread, to come from s (58) else.

The pains of unity also have an echo at the bakery. Easterners often wonder what successful western Germans have left them that was theirs. One thing is the small breakfast r (59).As with so much in eastern Germany, this was the old-fashioned kind. The new, western roll was a product of technology and marketing: bigger and lighter, but also, some bread-lovers complain, with less flavour. The traditional, eastern roll is still sought after, though now made in ultra-modern (极其现代化的) eastern b (60) built since unity.

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