id study author Dr．Julie Gammack, an assistant professor of medicine in the Division of Geriatric Medicine at St．Louis University．They also seem to get less "REM" sleep, the type of sleep during which rapid eye movement occurs, Bloom added.It's unclear what role these naturally occurring changes in sleep patterns have on a person’s quality of life, Bloom said．"What is important, though, is that older people often have actual sleep disorders and problems with sleep." he said．And, experts say, there is usually more than one cause．"Sleep trouble in older adults is typically associated with acute and chronic illnesses．including specific sleep disorders like sleep apnea（呼吸暂停）and restless leg syndrome that appear with greater frequency in older populations," said Michael V．Vitiello, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences and associate director of the University of Washington's Northwest Geriatric Education Center．Taking multiple medications, as many older people do, can also lead to fatigue and "hypersomnia," or being tired all the time, Bloom added．Another big problem, he noted, is depression and anxiety．"Those are very commonly associated with sleep problems." Despite the preva lence（流行）of sleep difficulties in older adults, many patients aren't getting the help they need．As a result, problems like insomnia（失眠）, restless leg syndrome and sleep apnea are under -diagnosed and undertreated．Bloom said．

 

 

 

1〝Sleep fragmentation〞refers to a marked lack of〝REM〞sleep.

 A.Right  B.Wrong  C.Not mentioned  

 

2The number of older Americans with sleep problems is not small.

 A.Right  B.Wrong  C.Not mentioned  

 

3Younger people in America seldom complain of sleep disorders.

 A.Right  B.Wrong  C.Not mentioned  

 

4It is true that older people need less sleep than younger people.

 A.Right  B.Wrong  C.Not mentioned  

 

5Sleep problems can seriously affect one’s quality of life.

 A.Right  B.Wrong  C.Not mentioned  

 

6Actions will soon be taken in America to better help people with sleep problems：

 A.Right  B.Wrong  C.Not mentioned  

概括大意与完成句子

（每题1分，共8分;下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。）1、Depression and the Elderly 1 We all feel sad at times．However, clinical depression is a serious matter．Clinical depression sometimes called major depression, is a biologically based brain disorder that affects one’s thoughts, feelings, behavior, and physical health．When people complain that they feel terrible they have no Interest or take no pleasure in things, have trouble sleeping, lack energy, have poor appetite, or cannot concentrate, depression is a definite possibility.2 Depression in its many forms affects more than 6.5 million of the 35 million Americans who are 65 years or older．Most older people with depression have been suffering from episodes（发作）of the illness during much of their lives．For others, depression has a first onset（起病）in late life-even for those in their 80s and 90s．Depression in older persons is closely associated with dependency and disability and causes great suffering for the individual and the family．3 Many older people and their families don't recognize the symptoms of depression, aren’t aware that it is a