concrete advice.

63. What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work?

  A. individual differences in role identity.    B. Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirt.

  C. Role identity as a volunteer.    D. Practical advice from researchers.

64. What is the best title of the passage?

  A. How to get people to volunteer    B. How to study volunteer behavior

  C. How to keep volunteers’      D. How to organize volunteers’ activities

 

D

Freedom and Responsibility

Freedom’s challenge in the digital Age is a serious topic. We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.

Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.

In Greece, in Athens, a little city in a little country, there were no helpless masses. And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together. They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert. The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted. A man was free if he was self-controlled. To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom. They were saved from looked at their lives as their own private affair. Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athenians not because it was forced on him from the outside, but because the city was his pride and his safety. The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state.

But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers. It cannot be discovered once for all. If people…it, and work for it, it will go. … is its price. …was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance, a spiritual change which affected the whole state. It had been the Athenians’ pride and joy to give to their city. That they could get material benefits from her never entered their mind. There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her citizens fro doing her work. Now instead of men giving to the state, the state was to give to them. What people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them, and with this as the primary object, ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility…to the point of disappearing. Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share.

Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility. There could be only one result… burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free. Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom. It is to be had on other terms. Athens, the Athens of Ancient Greece, refused responsibility, she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again.

But, the excellent becomes the permanent, Aristotle said. Athens lost, but freedom was not lost forever for the world. A great American, James Madison referred to “The capacity of mankind for self-government”. No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking Greek. Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once a man has a great and good idea, it is never completely lost. The digital Age cannot destroy it. Somehow in this or that way thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of action. One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out… only sure that it will do so sometime.

65. What does the underlined word ”tyrannies” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

  A. Countries where their people need help

  B. Powerful states with happiness

  C. Splendid states where people enjoy freedom

  D. Empires ruled with absolute power

66. People believing in freedom are those who_______.

  A. regard their life as their own business

  B. regard freedom as their primary object

  C. behave within laws and value system

  D. treat others with kindness and pity

67. What change in attitude took place in Athens?

  A. The Athenians refused to take their responsibility.

  B. The Athenians no longer took pride in the city.

  C. The Athenians benefited spiritually from the government.

  D. The Athenians looked on the government as a business.

68. What does the sentence “There could be only one result” in Paragraph 5 mean?

  A. Athens would come to an end.

  B. Athens would cease to have freedom.

  C. Freedom would come from responsibility.

  D. Freedom would stop Athens from self-dependence.

69. Why does the author refer to Aristotle and Madison?

  A. The author is hopeful about freedom.

  B. The author is cautious about self-government.

  C. The author is skeptical of Greece civilization.

  D. The author is proud of the man’s capacity.

70. What is the author’s understanding of freedom?

  A. Freedom can be more popular in digital age.

  B. Freedom may come to an end in the digital age.

  C. Freedom should have privacy over responsibility.

  D. Freedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility.

 

第四部分:任务型阅读(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)

  请阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

˙˙

  注意:请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。

    People select news in  expectation  of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds. One is related to w

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