每题3分，共15分 1、 Black holes lead stars to self-destruct (Black holes trigger stars self-destruction ) Scientists have long understood that supermasvive black holes weighing. Millions or billions of suns can tear apart stars that come too close. The black hole’gravity pulls harder on the neatest part of the star, an imbalance that pulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours, once it gets close enough.Scientists say this uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the star. The strain of these unbalanced forces can also trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroy the star from within: Matthieu Brassart and Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire of the Paris in Meudon, France, carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate star’s life, as it veered towards a supermassive black hole.When the star gets Close enough, the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake shape. Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart. But other studies had suggested that the picture would he complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that not nuclear explosion should occur.The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail, and fund that even when their effects are included, the conditions favor a nuclear explosion. “There will be an explosion of the star. It will be completely destroyed,”Brassart says. Although the explosion obliterates the star, it saves some of the start’s matter from being devoured by the black hole. The explosion is powerful enough to hurl much of the star’s matter out of the black hole’s reach, he says.The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed, although at a much later stage. It is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart, its matter starts swirling into the hole itself. It heats up as it does so, releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays.If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode, then they could in principle allow these events to be detected at a much earlier stage, says Jules Halpern of Columbia University in New York, US. “It may make it possible to see the disruption of that star immediately if it gets hot enough.”Brassart aggress. “Perhaps it can be observed in the X-rays and gamma rays, but it’s something that needs to be more studied,”he says. Supernova researcher Chris Fryer of the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Almos, New Mexico, US, says the deaths of these stars are difficult to simulate, and he is not sure whether the researchers have proven their case they exploded in the process.
参考答案： C
答案解析： 利用问题句及被选项中的细节信息词（方框中的结构）作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句： Scientists（科学家） have long（长期地） understood（理解， 认为） that supermasvive（特大质量的） black holes weighing（重） millions（数百万） or billions（数亿） of suns（太阳） can tear apart stars that come too close(与选项A内容一致). The black hole’s gravity（重力） pulls （一直拉）harder（强烈地） on the neatest（最近的） part of the star, an imbalance（不平衡的力量） that pulls（拉裂） the star apart over a period（期间） of minutes or hours, once（一旦） it gets close（接近的） enough（足够）. Scientists say this uneven（不均匀的） pulling （拉力）is not the only hazard（危险） facing（面对） the star. The strain(拉力) of these unbalanced（不平衡的） forces（力量） can also trigger（引发） a nuclear explosion powerful（强大的） enough（足够） to destroy（毁灭） the star from within（里面）（与选项B内容一致）. Matthieu Brassart and Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire of the Paris in Meudon, France, carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate star’s life, as it veered towards a supermassive black hole. When the star gets Close enough, the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake shape. Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart. But other studies had suggested that the picture would he complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that not nuclear explosion should occur. The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail, and fund that even when their effects are included, the conditions favor a nuclear explosion. “There will be an explosion of the star. It will be completely destroyed,”Brassart says. Although the explosion obliterates the star, it saves some of the start’s matter from being devoured by the black hole. The explosion is power enough to hurl much of the star’s matter out of the black holes’s reach, he says. The devouring （吞灭，毁灭）of stars by（被） black holes （与选项D内容一致）may already have been observed, although at a much later stage. It is though that several months after the event that rips the star apart, its matter starts swirling into the hole itself. It heats up as it does so, releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays. 选项A， B和D均在文章中有相呼应得内容， 因此答案是C。
1Something destructive could happen to a star that gets too close to a black hole. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?
参考答案： A
答案解析： 利用问题句及被选项中的细节信息词（方框中的结构）作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句： （第3段）When the star gets close enough, the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake shape. Some（一些） previous（以前的） studies（研究） had suggested（表明） this flattening（夷平） would increase（增加） the density（密度） and temperature（温度） inside（在...里面） the star enough（足够） to trigger（引发） intense（强烈的） nuclear reactions （核反应）that would tear it apart. But (考点提示词)other（其他的） studies（research的近义词） had suggested（表明） that the picture（图片，照片） would be complicated（复杂的） by shock waves （冲击波）generated（产生） during（在...期间） the flattening（夷平） process （过程）and that no nuclear explosion （核爆炸/与“核反应”词义相关）should occur（发生）（该句内容暗示可能选项A是答案）. 该段中的第2句和第3句直接与问题相关， 这两种研究的焦点在于是否会引发核爆炸， 因此A是答案。
2According to the third paragraph, researchers differed from each other in the problem of
参考答案： D
答案解析： 利用问题句及被选项中的细节信息词（方框中的结构）作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句： The new simulations investigated the effects of shock w, aves in detail, and fund that even when their effects are included, the conditions favor a nuclear explosion. “There will be an explosion of the star. It will be completely destroyed,”Brassart says. Although（尽管） the explosion（爆炸） obliterates（除去， 毁灭） the star, it saves（挽救） some of the star’s matter（物质） from（防止） being devoured （吞灭）by the black hole（该句内容与D不一致）. The explosion (爆炸) is powerful(强大的) enough（足够） to hurl（扔/throw的近义词） much of the star’s matter out of the black hole’s reach, he says.（该句内容与选项C内容一致）选项D的说法与文章中相关内容（该段倒数第2句）不一致。
3According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following is NOT true?
参考答案： C
答案解析： 第五段中its matter starts swirling into the hole itself，这里的its matter指的是the star’smatter，即被爆炸抛出黑洞的恒星物质。所以应选C。
4What will happen several months after the explosion of the star?
