高考物理高频考点《原子核的衰变、半衰期》高频试题特训(2020年最新版)(一)

时间:2020-08-15 22:50:30

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1、填空题  放射线中的粒子会使气体或液体电离,以这些粒子为核心,过饱和蒸气会产生_________,过热液体会产生_________。



2、选择题  有关放射性知识,下列说法中正确的是
[? ]
A.β衰变是原子核内的中子转化成质子和电子从而放出电子的过程
B.γ射线一般伴随着α或β射线产生,这三种射线中,γ射线电离能力最强
C.由核反应方程U→Th+He可知核反应前后质量守恒、核电荷数守恒
D.氡的半衰期为3.8天,若取4千克氡原子核,经7.6天后就一定剩下1千克氡原子核



3、选择题  下列选项正确的是(  )
A.style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,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" alt="">天然衰变
B.style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,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" alt="">轻核聚变
C.style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,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" alt="">重核裂变
D.style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,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" alt="">人工转变



4、选择题  放射性元素衰变时放出的三种射线,按穿透能力由强到弱的排列顺序是
A.γ射线、β射线、α射线
B.α射线、β射线、γ射线
C.γ射线、α射线、β射线
D.β射线、α射线、γ射线



5、选择题  下列说法正确的是

[? ]


A.α射线与γ射线都是电磁波
B.β射线为原子的核外电子电离后形成的电子流
C.用加温、加压或改变其化学状态的方法都不能改变原子核衰变的半衰期
D.原子核经过衰变生成新核,则新核的质量总等于原核的质量




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