时间:2018-10-11 00:59:39
1、简答题 1996年清华大学和香港大学的学生合作研制出太阳能汽车，该车是利用太阳能电池将所接受的太阳光转化为电能提供给电动机驱动汽车的．已知车上太阳能电池正对太阳时，电池加在电动机上的电压为U，通过的电流为I，电动机的直流电阻为R，太阳辐射能量的总功率为P，太阳光垂直照射到该太阳能电池的面板（接受太阳光能的装置）时，单位面积的辐射功率为
．问：
（1）此时电动机的效率＝________________．
（2）假若太阳光在穿过太空及地球表面大气层到达地面时，沿途的能量损耗忽略不计，求太阳到地球的距离r
（3）太阳辐射的能量实际上由质子参与的一系列反应产生，而这一系列的反应的总效果相当于下述核反应：
．若质子
，氦核
．正电
的质量分别为
，
，
，试求在1秒内参与上述热核反应的质子数目．
2、选择题 下面的各核反应中能产生中子的是（ ）
A.用γ光子轰击style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,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" alt="">，生成物之一为style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,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" alt="">
B.用氘核轰击style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,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" alt="">生成物之一为style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAB8AAAAjCAIAAADjdEa4AAABKklEQVRIie2Vuw2DMBCGbwjkKYjMAqmyAkUKWIQFYAdWQHLPAu5c0MIU7pFSYCd+8PKDIhLoCgOnj/N//2Hg83hdwE0/Q5+GFkHSDVRP6jMAAMiKyp/OSAUAYNJpiZOa9Hwe6yItmzZEmT7T6YxUCOeT3NlDruPQuyZXBDHfhtJ1Nf6Lfq0yalfVNRf21S7bUQd0w5HLQs+H5eFiaCPhR1dr0ZPENNmlGX5FO3SPUHpOS5wgaxpC6LTEidzterf96dPQIkiZtNbqB/zpllmPPeMmy7eHS0uj0RmpQMoizSZuA+lqM8Vlu2WF3jX5frZrqPT+7X76nKUz0jj9oZzoQs1YmqzozuexLtKtwYtA5+aYxKZ7nM5u9Nd1tdfFM7Lu20dH7Nojxk3fig+eX9nXy1+iGAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" alt="">
C.用质子轰击style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABsAAAAgCAIAAABsC5RsAAABB0lEQVRIie2WsRHDIAwAtYXHoGAeGnbIEDQaITPQaIKs4EYbsAUpbBMbIwcwlyqquOP86JElG+LogD8xRtawj4nmcItIzvG2DjMpZZt5F9bkrHXUDhSJwSrVoSwSu5VFYreyROxXLhOLymGmKb1TlxdSIErKCxQ9n7fQ6HTMmSgqs8fr7MQcpUCjS7mvbZZyryeyFpQzrVoiewTQZd6xkrVENFobLG5llawk5srsn5tmXskqYqa811zWL/857SsxWDXBKZImewSA/YXkRHI2e6Y1DsQw08NRXNujZ4CfiYkxej4K7dFJXLtq7HxcKyj0XBcx3hD/3beQtTAX2oho0i9FJy4nDok34m9Tr8mVKD0AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt="">，生成物之一为style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAB4AAAAjCAIAAAAMti2GAAABMElEQVRIie2VvbXDIAyFtQVjUDAPjXbwEDSMkBlotAkNG2gLXkEg8m/iHFG8c6LKObY+S/deHKjTCn7oPZozGWjliiq6OICYSq01eud8VENzJtOHLSkai6yFrpXRmjZs9K6Nr4V+aa3IrT0hjNYAgKIatQtiKbNURgctrZOW1lUon4WBbqBbf1OZAu40eUWzpHjLDxg9h0dmt9NN9EVF77oIjNZsdhozHfp/jX4mp7VTXrVTwL5lcbu7b9DSVQoo6ZzJ9J9nZ/gKTQFFFosTCRlfm80rP0QzWjNMax5K3d/G8RRdUhyB6QEf+WG0Zr/BJ2jpHhxmQJ6mszjC+mnlvwI56QQ0heWRHvpTc6Yl0AxBePELz9CawtICr492sI3Z4dH6Bj2u5oXvn6LV64fe1B+x/RNXFAraoAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" alt="">
D.用α粒子轰击style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABsAAAAgCAIAAABsC5RsAAABB0lEQVRIie2WsRHDIAwAtYXHoGAeGnbIEDQaITPQaIKs4EYbsAUpbBMbIwcwlyqquOP86JElG+LogD8xRtawj4nmcItIzvG2DjMpZZt5F9bkrHXUDhSJwSrVoSwSu5VFYreyROxXLhOLymGmKb1TlxdSIErKCxQ9n7fQ6HTMmSgqs8fr7MQcpUCjS7mvbZZyryeyFpQzrVoiewTQZd6xkrVENFobLG5llawk5srsn5tmXskqYqa811zWL/857SsxWDXBKZImewSA/YXkRHI2e6Y1DsQw08NRXNujZ4CfiYkxej4K7dFJXLtq7HxcKyj0XBcx3hD/3beQtTAX2oho0i9FJy4nDok34m9Tr8mVKD0AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt="">，生成物之一为style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAB8AAAAjCAIAAADjdEa4AAABKklEQVRIie2Vuw2DMBCGbwjkKYjMAqmyAkUKWIQFYAdWQHLPAu5c0MIU7pFSYCd+8PKDIhLoCgOnj/N//2Hg83hdwE0/Q5+GFkHSDVRP6jMAAMiKyp/OSAUAYNJpiZOa9Hwe6yItmzZEmT7T6YxUCOeT3NlDruPQuyZXBDHfhtJ1Nf6Lfq0yalfVNRf21S7bUQd0w5HLQs+H5eFiaCPhR1dr0ZPENNmlGX5FO3SPUHpOS5wgaxpC6LTEidzterf96dPQIkiZtNbqB/zpllmPPeMmy7eHS0uj0RmpQMoizSZuA+lqM8Vlu2WF3jX5frZrqPT+7X76nKUz0jj9oZzoQs1YmqzozuexLtKtwYtA5+aYxKZ7nM5u9Nd1tdfFM7Lu20dH7Nojxk3fig+eX9nXy1+iGAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" alt="">
3、选择题 中共中央、国务院、中央军委在人民大会堂隆重表彰为研制“两弹一星”作出突出贡献的科学家.下列核反应方程中属于研究“两弹”的基本核反应方程式的是
①
+
→
+
②
+
→
+
+10
③
→
+ ④
+
→+
A．①③
B．②③
C．①④
D．②④
4、选择题 （6分）以下是有关近代物理内容的若干描述正确的是：
A．卢瑟福通过
粒子散射实验，提出了原子核式结构学说
B．太阳辐射的能量主要来自太阳内部的重核裂变
C．质子、中子、粒子的质量分别是m1、m2、m3，质子和中子结合成一个粒子，释放的能量是（2 m1+2 m2m3）C2
D．康普顿效应证明光具有波动性特征
5、填空题 某一静止的硼核（115B）俘获一个速度为v的α粒子后，放出一个粒子生成氮核（147N）此过程的核反应方程为___；若氮核的速度大小为
，方向与原来α粒子速度方向相同，则放出粒子的速度大小为___。